Somatostatin

Main Entry: so·mato·stat·in
Pronunciation: s - mat- - stat- n
Function: noun

: a polypeptide neurohormone that is found especially in the hypothalamus, is composed of a chain of 14 amino acid residues, and inhibits the secretion of several other hormones (as growth hormone, insulin, and gastrin)

Somatostatin is a hormone . Precisely it is a mixture of two peptides, one built of 14 amino acids , the other of 28. Somatostatin is secreted not only by cells of the hypothalamus but also by so called delta cells of stomach , intestine and pancreas . It binds to somatostatin receptors.

The main actions of somatostatin are:

• inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)
• inhibits the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• suppresses the release of gastrointestinal hormones
  • gastrin
  • cholecystokinin (CCK)
  • secretin
  • motilin
  • vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
  • gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
  • enteroglucagon (GIP)
• prolongs gastric emptying, gall bladder contraction and intestinal motility
• suppresses the release of pancreatic hormones
  • inhibits the release of insulin
  • inhibits the release of glucagon
  suppresses the exocrine secretory action of pancreas

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